Benjamin Franklin the Enlightenment Figure free essay sample

It likewise accentuated movement away from rotational traditions and establishments that were as far as anyone knows controlling present day progress. These thoughts ran all through the eighteenth century and prodded banters over strict request. During the Enlightenment Benjamin Franklin supported changes In the idea of human idea that, thus, scrutinized the legitimacy of mainstream Institutions. Reasoning, the Inquiry of knowledge, energized new Ideas dependent on the guideline of characteristic law. Franklin, a set up thinker, designer, printer, writer, researcher, and visionary, was notable for his commitments during he Age of Reason.In his life account Franklin point by point the huge steps he made to facilitate his instruction and composing capacities, since he accepted that self-training, personal development, self-control were simply the constituent pieces of the made man (Maser, 16). Franklins supernatural calling drove him to turn into a quintessential Enlightenment figure through his consistent interest to Aegis 2 improve humankind through progressive social understandings, strict foundation, political turn of events, and new logical developments. Franklins notoriety was notable in the loonies, particularly in Philadelphia, in view of the social commitments he made for the improvement of society. He conveyed his Ideas from his Printing House Vial papers, to which he had numerous endorsers. Franklin added to the Enlightenment by spreading his thoughts in the public eye through his formation of the Junta, a private gathering wherein the individuals shared varying perspectives on a scope of points. This gathering talked about any Point of Morals, Politics or Natural Philosophy, to be examined by the Company (Franklin, 75). The absolute most outstanding commitments of he Junta Include recommendations for a circling library, a fire organization and fire Insurance organization, and better cleaning and Illuminating the roads (Maser, 6). The Libraries Made the normal Tradesmen Farmers as smart as most Gentlemen from different Countries (Franklin, 85). The social patron knew about his unassuming childhood and the achievement he accomplished through training. Franklin climbed to the most elevated economic wellbeing and, as a result of his prosperity, he was constrained to offer others, such as himself, the open door he had been given. As a push to indicate the chances of poor people, Franklin thought of the Idea to make a free foundation would have opposed the fate of poor youth towards future monetary reliance, along these lines making progressively social balance. He regularly thought of the prosperity of others and presented his foundations on the side of that objective. Franklin, having been brought up in a family with a constrained money related status, knew that instruction was the essential advocate contributing Gets 3 to his success.Without training, Franklin may have been a work specialist, restricted to a way of life of the lower or white collar class. His paper, The Pennsylvania Gazette, [stimulated] new interests in instruction, science and writing, and as a result numerous new schools were established (Historicity. Com). He, alongside the assistance of the Junta, presented the designs for building up the principal American business foundation for advanced education; The University of Pennsylvania. The visionary laid out his arrangements for the organization in a perusing named, Proposals identifying with the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania.As a methods for settling general medical problems and giving consideration to the genuinely or intellectually sick. Franklin built the thought for the primary guide for an open clinic in Pennsylvania. The last piece of charitable counsel given from Franklin plots a rundown of the 13 excellencies important to carry on with a prudent life. Franklin aced the entirety of the temperances on his rundown and felt that others could profit by his framework not [by] endeavoring the entire without a moment's delay, however [by fixing] each of them in turn (Franklin, 96).As a giver, Franklin consistently looked for after approaches to improve his locale. With the assistance of his Junta, Franklin prevailing with regards to driving new endeavors of social progression. He communicated his want to deliver something for the regular Benefit of Mankind (Franklin, 6). Benjamin Franklin quite added to the time of strict restoration known as the Great Awakening. Being a printer, he was very much familiar with the writings of various strict orders, since a significant part of the material printed at the time were Bible texts.Franklin speaks to a quintessential perfect of how to make progress through instruction. His quest for flawlessness was driven by the qualities imparted in him by his Puritan father as Aegis 4 a kid. Interchangeable with the convictions of the Puritan confidence he procured during is adolescence, Franklin epitomized the protestant work ethnic through his quest for monetary, political, and social achievement. Afterward, after Franklin left his dads care and was available to impacts of the world he was changed over to another religion; Deism. Through his acclaim, Franklin added to the development of Enlightenment realism (Finer, 1 52) by supporting the recently settled religion of Deism. Deism changed how individuals in the New and Old world saw divine authority by testing conventional strict convictions. Franklin was pulled in to this religion, since he found the contentions a lot more grounded than those of different religions. In his life account he states, And from the properties of God, his boundless intelligence, goodness power reasoned that nothing might not be right on the planet (Franklin, 74).This statement uncovers the strict pioneers support for his convictions. He communicates that on the off chance that God is great and everything God makes is great, at that point how could something that is deductively demonstrated in nature be blemished. Subsequently, from this angle, life must be administered by regular law. Franklin, since he shaped strict suppositions dependent on reason, free of power or authoritative opinion was known enlisting different individuals, due to his scholarly notoriety. His strict standards were circled through his papers and helped prod the Great Awakening.During the Great Awakening Deism was assaulted by Old Light priests needing to build church enrollment and reinforce otherworldly devotion in custom religions and their types of love. Notwithstanding their differing convictions, Deists despite everything viewed themselves as Christians. Aegis 5 Franklin caused numerous contentions from his presentation of Deism, however he likewise got credit for his own undertaking, increasing numerous new adherents. As the quintessential Enlightenment figure of the eighteenth section Franklin made his voice heard in the political issues of the settlements and Britain.Franklins political profession reached out during the timeframe from the sasss to 1790. He filled in as [the oldest] representative to the Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention (Maser, 17). He felt that the states required a solid scholarly voice to help their motivation for autonomy. He added to the drafting of the US Constitution and offered his contemplations to the Continental Congress on the Articles of Perpetual Union, to help set up the Declaration of Independence (Maser, 11). In 1783 Franklin was utilized as a mediator during the finish of the Revolutionary war, including the American settlements and Britain.He respectably haggled with Britain and upheld the entry of the Treaty of Paris, which finished the French and Indian War. Approaching a mind-blowing finish, the extraordinary political figure was the President of the Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery (Web Guides). Franklins political and conciliatory exercises never stopped (Maser, 7). Thusly, he had the option to include himself with government undertakings in the American loonies, pushing the desire of the individuals whom he represented.His economic wellbeing developed evermore as he sat in places of political impact. Benjamin Franklins ceaseless undertaking for information and logical headway avowed his position as, the best thinker of the current age (Maser, 12). Franklin taught himself in well known logical hypotheses which lead him to grow new developments that served humankind. He imagined numerous things that legitimately Aegis 6 gave him universal acclaim. One of such developments, called the lightning bar, went about as society defender by coordinating active vitality from lightning floods into the round.Many house fires, happening in wooden frontier structures, were regularly brought about by lightning strikes. These lightning poles picked up so much help that they were raised on the highest points of numerous conspicuous structures in both Europe and North America. This innovation, created in 1752, was idealized with the goal that it has remained the essential technique for deflecting lightning harm for more than 250 years. Another innovation, the open oven, replaced customary chimneys in British and American pilgrim social orders. Chimneys were the most widely recognized method of delivering heat, yet they were blend inefficient.Franklins new development took into consideration an increasingly productive fire , utilized one quarter as much wood, and produced twice as much warmth (Bellies). The open oven, just as the lightning bar, diminished the quantity of house fires in British and Colonial people group. What's more, the designer refined glasses with the goal that they would contain two arrangements of focal points in each edge, one sets for seeing very close and bifocals. There were additionally numerous different less famous innovations that he grew, for example, the glass Romania, the odometer, swim blades, the clinical catheter, and the stepping stool chair.He communicated his craving to do acts of kindness, by declining to put licenses on his developments so others were allowed the chance to profit by his prosperity. With progress came deference. The numerous individuals who loved him for his work in reasoning and science [were called] Franklins (Maser 11). Through his logical developments, Franklin would have liked to facilitate the weights of work and potentially add to the liberating of slaves (Franklin, 19). Franklin picked up satisfac

FinTech Innovations Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Financial innovation Innovations. Answer: Presentation Budgetary innovation otherwise called FinTech, is made out of the new advancements which are believed to be identified with the utilization of innovation with the accessible measure of the assets so as to convey the necessary money related help. It has been believed to be not the same as the customary acts of executing innovation in fund. The primary territories of the execution of the Fintech have been seen with the mechanization and exchanging hazard (Finkle 2016). The different sorts of the administrations are believed to begin from the free specialist organizations, for example, back up plan and authorized bank. The different kinds of the interconnection have been additionally observed to empower the API and a few developments as far as the Payment administrations orders. It has been overwhelmingly seen that with the appearance of the organizations, for example, Paypal, Adyen, Robinhood, Kickstarter, GoFundMe and Envestnet, FinTech is now observed to be testing the customary mone y related foundations. It has been additionally observed that the all out financial plan of the FinTech organizations has surpassed USD 19 Billion of every 2015. The fundamental reason for this report is to examine the effect of the ongoing blast in the FinTech advancements in the market administrators and trade. The different conversations of the report will have the option to help the developing pattern of the FinTech in the ventures. (Lee and Teo 2015). FinTech for Market Operators and Exchange FinTech organizations that are driving specifically part alongside their difficulties A portion of the primary type of the FinTech organizations has been additionally found regarding Stripe, YapStone, Braintree, Adyen, Lending Club, Addepar, Commonbond and Kabbage. A portion of the fundamental part of the difficulties looked by the organizations has been additionally observed to be founded on the building issues. One of the essential difficulties looked by the Fintech organizations has been found as far as the upgrading on the web installments (and the related tooling). A portion of the primary type of the difficulties has been additionally distinguished in term of the different kinds of the culprits who are believed to be supporting the items. In different cases the principle challenge has been believed to happen regarding the bearing witness to and composing the code. In a few occurrences it has been seen that the codes are not liberated from blunders. During the preparing of the installments it has been seen load on the framework has been believed to be a lot of lo wer in contrast with the organizations with proportional scale. One of the other essential issues has been additionally found as far as the accessibility and consistency of the data required to process the applicable information. The danger of the security part of managing the data has been additionally observed to be extensively high. In a few cases the framework are believed to be inclined to focused by the assailants, for example, fraudsters. The organization has been additionally observed to consider the different sorts of the devices has been additionally observed to confronting issues which are believed to be related to the lessen the profitability of the designer. In a few cases the related difficulties are believed to be raised because of the expanded expense of usage of the innovative angles. In a few cases ingesting and processing supposedly is troublesome test. A few frameworks are being worked upon for following creation information into HDFS, where it very well may be questioned by means of Impala or handled. Difficulties looked by the business and controllers in the area to provide food for these change A portion of the fundamental difficulties of adjusting to the FinTech have been believed to be clear in type of changes in the ventures purges, guideline and the innovation burdens. In spite of Fintech being a successful apparatus, anyway the business will in general get adversely influenced by the measure of venture required in this segment. The fundamental type of the guideline has been additionally observed to be controlled dependent on the overarching guideline. The innovation hardships has been recognized in type of the adjusting to the robotized framework, which supposedly is be not just a test as far as the expense by likewise sufficient labor in dealing with the framework adequately. The impact of this innovation in Malaysia is additionally obvious with the national bank of the nation (Philippon 2016). The principle administrative structure for the reception of this innovation in the Bank Negara has been related to the application and the activity of with Financial Technology Regulatory Sandbox Framework. A portion of the significant difficulties distinguished by Bernama have been perceived with expanded dangers for steadiness, trustworthiness and market direct. When all is said in done, banks and monetary establishments have been customarily perceived for being at the focal point of the more extensive scope of utilizing the money related information. The changing ecological blast of the information has been believed to catch the different parts of the money related report which are believed to be related to the fundamental patterns of catching the market components, for example, loaning, monetary arranging and ventures. It has been normally observed that as far as the market administrators and the trade capacities have been believed to assume a significant job in responding to the moves identified with the utilization of this innovation in complex circumstances. Nonetheless, it should be additionally noticed that the budgetary foundations and the banks has been seen to effectively join forces with the market administrators, for example, PayPal, Bitcoin, Adyen, Robinhood, Kickstarter, GoFundMe and among different other specialist co-ops of F intech for increasing a serious edge over the conventional channels offinance (Finkle 2016). The future trade and the framework of the market are believed to be constrained by the different sorts of the activities which are identified with help and encourage the future development in the budgetary markets. The principle executions of the Fintech has been chiefly distinguished in type of the utilizing open assistance design, for example, application programming interfaces (APIs), adjacent to utilizing the general plan of action (Mackenzie 2015). The mechanical advancements have been additionally observed to be sourced from the basic changes in the ongoing years. This has been believed to be legitimately impacting the administrative, capital, and plan of action related to the monetary biological system. The capital market structure has been believed to be affected by the capital market FinTech structures. These segments has been believed to be straightforwardly identified with the center market foundation, AI Analytics, elective subsidizing stages, venture innovation and post exchange digitization (Philippe Gelis 2016). The significant highlights from the center market framework have been distinguished as far as the innovation advancing the decentralization and decrease of the physical resources. The post exchange digitization the trade tasks has been additionally found as far as making of vigorous activities, which is in consistence with the administration, post exchange innovation and post exchange innovation (Arner, Barberis and Buckley 2015). The third significant element of the Fintech in the market administrators and the trade framework has been seen with the execution of the computerized reasoning and investigation. In large associations, the information should be taken care of in numerous sets, which should be done correctly with the headways made in the counterfeit innovation. At whatever point we think about the money, showcase and monetary help slants, the square chain innovation has been believed to assume a significant job as far as the smoothing out the general procedure. This innovati on in the trade tasks in the ongoing occasions has been seen with the huge usage in the Bitcoin and other digital forms of money consequently expanding the effectiveness of the general trade process (Philippe Gelis president of kantox 2016). Notwithstanding, it should be noticed that there has been a portion of the difficulties which are believed to be related to the usage of this innovation. It has been seen that as a rule the Bitcoin administration is utilized by the programmers and the payoff product for prevailing in disguise exchanges. This has been additionally observed to impact significant number of individuals who are believed to be related to the different sorts of digital wrongdoing exercises. These exercises have been additionally observed to impact countless individuals making scrambled exchanges over the web. So as to check the different kinds of the criminal operations which occurring through Bitcoin exchanges, the digital wrongdoing law requirement offices are believed to be playing a functioning job for the following such criminal operations in the web (Hung and Luo 2016). The following significant activity in the trade tasks in the organizations has been found as far as executing the Fintech in advertise administrator for changing the elements of the advantage the board business. This has been believed to make more request as far as the different kinds of the exercises which are believed to be related to the contribution speculation supervisors of all sizes instruments for checking markets and permitting better choices dependent on strong information examination (Gimpel, Rau and Rglinger 2016). A portion of the different sorts of different favorable circumstances of this stage have been found as far as reshaping of the conventional channel of the business has been believed to impact capital market activity as far as the value and the obligation capital tasks. A comparable advancement of the innovation has been additionally observed to profit the different sorts of the activities which are believed to be identified with the elective financing measures related to give the capital and the liquidity for the corporate (Entrepreneur 2015). In Europe the shoppers has been seen with the dependence on the innovative points of interest which are found in European nations. The elective financing stage has been believed to profit the speculators who are searching for better return openings from the trade markets. The utilization of the Fintech has been additionally observed to impact the change expert

Implicit and Explicit Long-Term Memory

Implicit and Explicit Long-Term Memory Theories Cognitive Psychology Print Differences Between Implicit and Explicit Long-Term Memory By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on October 31, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on October 31, 2019 More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Information that you have to consciously work to remember is known as explicit memory, while information that you remember unconsciously and effortlessly is known as implicit memory. People often focus more on the topic of explicit memory, but researchers are becoming increasingly interested in how implicit memory works and how it influences knowledge and behavior. As any student can tell you, sometimes it takes a lot of work and effort to commit information to memory. When youre studying for a big exam, it might take hours of practice in order to remember what you studied. However, some other events, details, and experiences enter our memory with little or no effort. For example, on the way to class, you might hear a catchy pop song on the radio. Days later, you find yourself still humming that same tune. Why does it seem like some things are so difficult to remember  and other things so easy? Whats the difference? Cindy Chung/Verywell Explicit Memory When youre trying to intentionally remember something (like a formula for your statistics class or a list of dates for your history class), this information is stored in your explicit memory. People use these memories every day, from remembering information for a test to recalling the date and time of a doctors appointment. Explicit memory is also known as declarative memory since you can consciously recall and explain the information. Types of Explicit Memory Episodic memory: These are your long-term memories of specific events, such as what you did yesterday or your high school graduation.Semantic memory: These are memories of facts, concepts, names, and other general knowledge. Examples of Explicit Memory Some tasks that require the use of explicit memory include remembering what you learned in your psychology class, recalling your phone number, identifying who the current president is, writing a research paper, and remembering what time youre meeting a friend to go to a movie. Remembering the names and locations of different countries on a mapRecalling an event that happened in the pastRecalling all of the items on your shopping listBeing able to remember the birth dates of friends and family membersRemembering an important event from your life such as your school graduation, wedding, or another notable milestone Many examples of explicit memory involve textbook learning or experiential memories. These are things that you consciously need to bring into awareness. How Long Does Short-Term Memory Last? Implicit Memory Things that people dont purposely try to remember are stored in implicit memory. This kind of memory is both unconscious and unintentional. Implicit memory is also sometimes referred to as nondeclarative memory since you are not able to consciously bring it into awareness. Where explicit memories are conscious and can be verbally explained, implicit memories are usually non-conscious and not verbally articulated. Implicit memories are often procedural and focused on the step-by-step processes that must be performed in order to complete a task.   Procedural memories, such as how to perform a specific task like swinging a baseball bat or making toast, are one type of implicit memory since you dont have to consciously recall how to perform these tasks.  While implicit memories are not consciously recalled, they still influence how you behave as well as your knowledge of different tasks. Examples of Implicit Memory Some examples of implicit memory include singing a familiar song, typing on your computer keyboard, and brushing your teeth. Riding a bike is another example. Even after going years without riding one, most people are able to hop on a bike and ride it effortlessly. Navigating a familiar area such as your house or neighborhoodRemembering the words to a popular song after hearing the first few notesRecalling how to boil water to fix dinnerKnowing how to use utensilsRemembering how to drive a carKnowing how to dress yourself each day As you can see, these are skills that you learn and then dont have to relearn again in order to perform them. These memories are largely unconscious and occur automatically; you dont need to think about all of the exact steps you need to follow in order to complete each task. How Explicit and Implicit Memory Work In order to understand some of the key differences between these two types of memory, it can be helpful to compare the two: Explicit Memory Are encoded to memory and later retrieved Are often formed deliberately through rehearsal Can be encoded unconsciously and tied to emotions May be drawn into awareness through associations Implicit Memory Begins with learning skills and mastering a task Becomes automatic over time with repetition Recall is often dependent upon context and cues Can result in priming, or responding the same way to similar stimuli Heres a quick demonstration that you can try to show how implicit and explicit memory work. Type the following sentence without looking down at your hands: Every red pepper is tantalizing. Now, without looking, try naming the ten letters that appear in the top row of your keyboard. You probably found it quite easy to type the above sentence without having to consciously think about where each letter appears on the keyboard. That task requires implicit memory. Having to recall which letters appear in the top row of your keyboard, however, is something that would require explicit memory. Since you have probably never sat down and intentionally committed the order of those keys to memory, its not something that you are able to easily recall. Influences on Explicit and Implicit Memory Research suggests that there are a number of factors that can influence the formation of both explicit and implicit memory, including stress levels and emotional states. One study found that high-stress levels on working memory, a part of short-term memory that acts as a temporary holding space for information people are focusing on at the moment. This part of memory is important in the formation of explicit memories. The research also suggested that stress may actually facilitate the formation of implicit memories for negative emotional information. Studies have also suggested that mood can also play an important role in the formation and recall of explicit and implicit memories.   A Word From Verywell Explicit and implicit memory play important roles in shaping your ability to recall information and interact in your environment. Knowing some of the major differences between the two is important for understanding how memory works. How Stress Affects Memory

Biography of Mahmud of Ghazni, First Sultan in History

Mahmud of Ghazni (Nov. 2, 971–April 30, 1030), the first ruler in history to assume the title of sultan, founded the Ghaznavid Empire. His title signified that the Muslim Caliph remained the religious leader of the empire despite being the political leader of a vast swath of land, encompassing much of what is now Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northern India. Fast Facts: Mahmud of Ghazni Known For: First sultan in historyAlso Known As: Yamin ad-Dawlah Abdul-Qasim Mahmud ibn SabukteginBorn: Nov. 2, 971 in Ghazna,  Zabulistan,  Samanid EmpireParents: Abu Mansur Sabuktigin, Mahmud-i Zavuli  Died: April 30, 1030 in GhaznaHonor: Pakistan named its  short-range ballistic missile  the  Ghaznavi Missile  in his honor.Spouse: Kausari JahanChildren: Mohammad  and  Masud (twins) Early Life On Nov. 2, 971, Yamin ad-Dawlah Abdul-Qasim Mahmud ibn Sabuktegin, better known as Mahmud of Ghazni, was born in the town of Ghazna (now known as Ghazni), in southeast Afghanistan. His father Abu Mansur Sabuktegin was Turkic, a former Mamluk warrior-slave from Ghazni. When the Samanid dynasty, based in Bukhara (now in Uzbekistan) began to crumble, Sabuktegin seized control of his hometown of Ghazni in 977. He then conquered other major Afghan cities, such as Kandahar. His kingdom formed the core of the Ghaznavid Empire, and he is credited with founding the dynasty. Not much is known about Mahmud of Ghaznis childhood. He had two younger brothers; the second one, Ismail, was born to Sabuktegins principal wife. The fact that she, unlike Mahmuds mother, was a free-born woman of noble blood would turn out to be key in the question of succession when Sabuktegin died during a military campaign in 997. Rise to Power On his deathbed, Sabuktegin passed over his militarily and diplomatically skilled eldest son Mahmud, 27, in favor of the second son, Ismail. It seems likely that he chose Ismail because he was not descended from slaves on both sides, unlike the elder and younger brothers. When Mahmud, who was stationed at Nishapur (now in Iran), heard of his brothers appointment to the throne, he immediately marched east to challenge Ismails right to rule. Mahmud overcame his brothers supporters in 998, seized Ghazni, took the throne for himself, and placed his younger brother under house arrest for the rest of his life. The new sultan would rule until his own death in 1030. Expanding the Empire Mahmuds early conquests expanded the Ghaznavid realm to roughly the same footprint as the ancient Kushan Empire. He employed typical Central Asian military techniques and tactics, relying primarily on a highly mobile horse-mounted cavalry, armed with compound bows. By 1001, Mahmud had turned his attention to the fertile lands of the Punjab, now in India, which lay southeast of his empire. The target region belonged to fierce but fractious Hindu Rajput kings, who refused to coordinate their defense against the Muslim threat from Afghanistan. In addition, the Rajputs used a combination of infantry and elephant-mounted cavalry, a formidable but slower-moving form of army than the Ghaznavids horse cavalry. Ruling a Huge State Over the next three decades, Mahmud of Ghazni would make more than a dozen military strikes into Hindu and Ismaili kingdoms to the south. By the time of his death, Mahmuds empire stretched to the shores of the Indian Ocean at southern Gujarat. Mahmud appointed local vassal kings to rule in his name in many of the conquered regions, easing relations with non-Muslim populations. He also welcomed Hindu and Ismaili soldiers and officers into his army. However, as the cost of constant expansion and warfare began to strain the Ghaznavid treasury in the later years of his reign, Mahmud ordered his troops to target Hindu temples and strip them of vast quantities of gold. Domestic Policies The Sultan Mahmud loved books and honored learned men. In his home base at Ghazni, he built a library to rival that of the Abbasid caliphs court in Baghdad, now in Iraq. Mahmud of Ghazni also sponsored the construction of universities, palaces, and grand mosques, making his capital city the jewel of Central Asia. Final Campaign and Death In 1026, the 55-year-old sultan set out to invade the state of Kathiawar, on Indias west (Arabian Sea) coast. His army drove as far south as Somnath, famous for its beautiful temple to the Lord Shiva. Although Mahmuds troops successfully captured Somnath, looting and destroying the temple, there was troubling news from Afghanistan. A number of other Turkic tribes had risen up to challenge Ghaznavid rule, including the Seljuk Turks, who had already captured Merv (Turkmenistan) and Nishapur (Iran). These challengers had already begun to nibble away at the edges of the Ghaznavid Empire by the time Mahmud died on April 30, 1030. The sultan was 59 years old. Legacy Mahmud of Ghazni left behind a mixed legacy. His empire would survive until 1187, although it began to crumble from west to east even before his death. In 1151, the Ghaznavid sultan Bahram Shah lost Ghazni itself, fleeing to Lahore (now in Pakistan). The Sultan Mahmud spent much of his life battling against what he called infidels—Hindus, Jains, Buddhists, and Muslim splinter-groups such as the Ismailis. In fact, the Ismailis seem to have been a particular target of his wrath, since Mahmud (and his nominal overlord, the Abbasid caliph) considered them heretics. Nonetheless, Mahmud of Ghazni seems to have tolerated non-Muslim people so long as they did not oppose him militarily. This record of relative tolerance would continue into the following Muslim empires in India: the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526) and the Mughal Empire (1526–1857). Sources Duiker, William J. Jackson J. Spielvogel. World History, Vol. 1, Independence, KY: Cengage Learning, 2006.Mahmud Of Ghazni. Afghan Network.Nazim, Muhammad. The Life and Times of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna, CUP Archive, 1931.Ramachandran, Sudha. â€Å"Asias Missiles Strike at the Heart.†Ã‚  Asia Times Online., Asia Times, 3 Sept. 2005.

Good and Evil in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr....

To what extent does the novella The strange case Of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde explore the notion that human nature is comprised both of good and evil, and how does the imagery support this theory? This essay will confront the issue of good and evil, and its usage and theories throughout the book The strange case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde. The story is based around Mr.Uttersons, a longtime friend of Dr.Jekyll, search for the truth and the connection between Jekyll and Hyde, ending in the realization that they are actually the same person. The story centers around the idea that there is a struggle between peoples good and evil sides, it merely depends on which you nurture more. There is also this idea that one side of you will†¦show more content†¦As it was some where in the 19th century it would have been the Victorian period, the Victorians were particularly interested in psychology and science. Jekylls discoveries were closely linked to the Victorians fascination with science, even before the course of my scientific discoveries had begun to suggest the most naked possibility of such a miracle. As the Victorians took their lives very seriously, Jekyll had to do so to, in the course of my life, which had after all, nine-tenths a life of effort, virtue and control. This meant that Jekyll had to repress his darker more fun loving side to remain in the standing that he did. Throughout the novella there is a constant power struggle between Jekyll and Hyde, which Hyde eventually wins but Jekyll finishes by taking his and his counterparts life. In the beginning Jekyll is in full control, all he has to do is drink the potion and Edward Hyde would pass away like a stain of breath upon a mirror. Also another important discovery to know was that in the beginning there was only pain turning into Hyde but as committed more atrocities, Jekyll became more consumed by evil, finding it hard to become himself again. Jekyll soon comes upon the theory that Hyde is smaller in person because Jekylls evil side has been less exercised, but as Hyde commits more wrongs his stature becomes stronger. Two weeks before the murder of Sir Danvers, Jekyll is in bed in Sohowhen he falls back toShow MoreRelatedStevensons Representation of Good and Evil in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde1522 Words   |  7 PagesRepresentation of Good and Evil in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde In this piece of coursework, I am asked to first of all, discuss how the novel is mainly concerned with the struggle between good and evil. Next, I will be moving on to discovering the historical, social, and cultural issues of the novel; this will discus what Stevensons literary influences were. Subsequently, I will be exploring the actual evil character oh Mr. Edward Hyde; this will includeRead More Good and Evil in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson4276 Words   |  18 PagesGood and Evil in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson Throughout the story of â€Å"The Strange Case Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde†, the author, Robert Louis Stevenson, presents his idea of the duality of man- where we all have a dark, wicked side within us, where evil is held in waiting to surface, but we hide it away, we pretend it does not exist, and we keep it tame. He presents this idea by using two protagonists, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, who are actually the sameRead MoreHow Good and Evil Are Portrayed in the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde ( Not Finished Completely)852 Words   |  4 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde In the novel ‘The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ Robert Louis Stevenson explores humankinds conflicting forces of Good and Evil. Through the central characters and the key theme of the duplicity of mankind Robert Louis Stevenson successfully portrays the theme of Good and Evil in the novel ‘The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. In the novel good is portrayed by Henry Jekyll and Gabriel Utterson. Mr. Utterson is a London lawyer and anRead More How Stevenson Explores the Nature of Good and Evil in the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde1093 Words   |  5 PagesNature of Good and Evil in the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde The story is about a doctor called Jekyll who has an alternate identity called Hyde. Until the last two chapters it is told from the view point of Mr Utterson; a friend of Jekyll’s who is trying to piece together the story. It uses features of gothic novels such as doppelganger which is an alternate identity. It also uses multiple narratives to make the reader think, it also helps the reader solve the case themselvesRead MoreIdeas Of Good And Evil Follow From The Earliest Of Days.847 Words   |  4 PagesIdeas of good and evil follow from the earliest of days. Robert Louis Stevenson’s parents lived devout in their Christianity, but Stevenson did not follow their ideas. G.B. Stern suggests that â€Å"Although he had rejected the Calvinist doctrines his parents taught him, the focus of the interplay of good and evil continued to influence his imagination† (Stern). Stevenson forced his parents away, but their ideas stayed in his thoughts and even affected The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. His pastRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde : Literary Review1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: Literary Review The Romantic era was plagued with class conflict, poverty, and labor issues. The Victorian novel allows those who had access to them discover and focus on moral issues with society. Among the novel that were created during the era, the genre of a gothic novella emerged. Well knowns gothic novellas included Frankenstein, The Picture of Dorian Gray, and The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Robert Stevenson’s gothic novella The StrangeRead MoreStevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 778 Words   |  3 Pagestwo famous English authors, Robert Louis Stevenson and Joseph Conrad. Stevenson and Conrad both incorporate the theme of the duality of human nature within their own novellas. Stevenson employs this theme throughout his novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and similarly Conrad employs this theme throughout his novella Heart of Darkness. In both novellas the theme is found in the literary devices of symbolism and personification. Although both works embody the theme of the duality ofRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesStevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a novella that follows the basic outline established by Mary Shelley in Frankenstein. However, Stevenson’s monster is not created from body parts but comes from the dark side of the human personality. In both novels, a man conducts a secret experiment that gets out of control. The result of these experiments is the release of a double, or doppelganger, which causes damage to their creator. While most people think that The Strange Case of Dr. JekyllRead MoreThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde1147 Words   |  5 PagesIn the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde it is regarded that these identities are two different persons but this is not the case, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde are one in the same. There is much confusion when reading this literary work by Robert Louis Stevenson; this piece is regarded as horrific and disturbing in many ways. But the biggest twist is when it is reveled to the reader that these two people are the same and that below the surface of Dr.Jekyll is an evil man who enjoys committing evilRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde Essay1069 Words   |  5 Pages Nia Givens The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde Christianity was very important in Victorian London. The concept of the duality of good and evil that was taught in the story of the Garden of Eden was widely used in Victorian literature. â€Å"Duality, humorously and simply stated, is the split of one into two, while still existing as one.† (Lopez). Duality is a theme found throughout Robert Louis Stevenson’s ‘The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde’. Most of the story is related in the third

The Write Term Paper Game

The Write Term Paper Game What Everybody Dislikes About Write Term Paper and Why Before the paper is written, thorough research has to be undertaken. You may believe that running your paper by means of a spelling checker is sufficient, but it never is. A fantastic term paper includes a great structure. A superb term paper writing service will be able to help you write term papers inside your deadline. In addition, the information that will show up on the paper has to be relevant and accurate. There's a time consuming job of the research paper. Such students may avoid unwanted grades by getting a term paper. If you wish to get high excellent research and thesis papers in time and for a fair price, you should probably try out using EssaySupply.com. You might be searching for the best term paper help online. The rates are extremely reasonably priced and comparatively low. Despite how it might not be simple that you deliver exemplary written term papers by yourself, you may readily acquire expert assistance online. If you're on the lookout for the ideal essay company for your hard-earned dollars, take a look at the credentials of our. On-line custom writing paper services that may write papers for money play a crucial role in a life of. By having a very clear model to guide you, you're going to know where to concentrate on with regard to direction, sources, organization and standard clarity. The work of writing term papers for money is increasing in popularity online, with expert writers trained in specific topic fields that may deliver the very best. The Essentials of Write Term Paper That You Will be Able to Benefit From Starting Immediately While you considering whether to purchase essays, it's an excellent concept to look at the advantages of employing a customized sample writing service like Ultius. If you are looking for a customized term paper writing service, then you have arrived at the perfect spot. So as to get started there are some important steps which you have to take. The procedure for ordering papers is extremely uncomplicated and. After you feel you're done, examine the text again and you'll observe that you still haven't picked up everything. Writing the introduction is hard so that you might risk losing your motivation at the very start. Work is piling up, and you merely don't understand how you're get it all done! Looking for a great essay writer isn't a problem we have a group of. The History of Write Term Paper Refuted If you wish to do academic writing assignments you may want the help a writing service that provides access to clients who is seeking assistance from a professional writer. In truth, it's just one of many steps of proofreading. You're simply reminding your reader of the points that were made. With us, you'll never get stuck without on-demand assistance. Definitions of Write Term Paper Thus, for your convenience, you have a superb chance to monitor the development of the assigned writer and make sure an essay will be ready in a timely method. Write my essay is frequently the catchphrase of students who find it tricky to compose papers. Before you purchase essays from Ultius, be certain you carefully review other sample essays we've written previously. Writing quality essays is the principal role of our services. It is crucial to give it to our writers because they've been drafting texts for students for a long time. UK students need to be cautious when choosing research paper writing. All About Write Term Paper There are an increasing number of folks who offer writing services to make money. If you're on the lookout for custom written term papers for money you're at the correct location. If students aren't careful, they will wind up being taken for a ride. The majority of the students have a tendency to surf the world wide web and discover solutions.

Entrepreneurship and Development of Business †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship and Business Development. Answer: Common patterns between the fields of entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is related to the development of business venture by touching several fields such as corporate, start-up and social. These are three types of entrepreneurship that will be explained by considering the opportunity of technology as the point of discussion. Innovation and technology implementation is the key aspects of the success of the three fields of business. Technological innovation is related to the contribution of the several attributes of technology to the higher economic output of the country that is responsible for the higher economic output. The technology used in this study as the opportunity for entrepreneurship development is hydroponics (Bataineh and Zecca 2017). The concept of corporate entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship and start up are different from one another. Corporate entrepreneurship is defined as the development of new business opportunities and ideas within an established or large enterprise that leads directly to the enhancement of the competitive position and the improvement of the organizational profitability or can be the strategic renewal of the business models. The opportunity of technology is proven to be a great help in order to implement strategies of innovation to the world of hydroponics. Technologies can be used in the field of research and development for the cost reduction of the methods that are involved in growing crops without soil (Orsini et al. 2013). Technology can be also used in every small business operations for faster communication and perfect results of the productivity of the cultivation of the crops as well as the organizational excellence in the field of hydro-culture. The companies use the nutri ent solutions instead of soil for the growth of the crops and plants in the water solvent. The techniques that are used in the technology of hydroponics are aeroponics, static solution culture, run to waste, rotary, deep-water culture, fogponics, NFT technique, top feed deep-water culture, passive sub irrigation, etc. The substrates that are used are pumice, gravel, sand, sheep wool, rock wool, perlite, rice husks, grow-stones, coir peat, vermiculite, brick shards, etc. On the other hand, the nutrient solutions that are used in the hydroponics method of agriculture are tools, mixing solutions, organic hydroponic solutions, inorganic hydroponic solutions, etc. Carbon dioxide is used as a form of advancements (Wamukoya and Ngweno 2017). It can be said that this is a huge innovation in the science of agriculture. Day by day rate of pollution is increasing that affects the quality of the elements of cultivation i.e. air, water and soil. Hence, the technology of hydroponics is prevailing. The technology is new and is adopted by many entrepreneurs in various countries of the world. The products that are cultivated by using this method are quite different from the foods cultivated by normal methods of agriculture. Hence, the technologies have immense growth opportunity. It is up to the entrepreneurs regarding the use of the technology for developing their business idea (Brown-Paul 2014). Start-ups use a different form of entrepreneurship. Usually these are small fast growing companies. Hence, investment in the utilization of the technology is less than that of corporate entrepreneurship. The pattern of utilizing the technology is different as the forms of operations of the business are different from the other forms of entrepreneurship. Social entrepreneurs on the other hand utilize this technology or fund while expecting of getting benefit in the fields of the environmental, social, cultural issues, etc. They are recognized as for-profit organizations. The aim of this entrepreneurship is not related to individual benefit (Wamukoya and Ngweno 2017). Instead of it, social entrepreneurship focuses on the benefit of the society and environment as a whole. Utilization of hydroponics will be used for social benefit by the social entrepreneurs of the for profit organizations. References Bataineh, A. and Zecca, F., 2017. Challenges and Potential of Future Agricultural Development in Jordan: Role of Education and Entrepreneurship.Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies,5(3 S1), p.11. Brown-Paul, C., 2014. California greening.Practical Hydroponics and Greenhouses, (141), p.36. Orsini, F., Kahane, R., Nono-Womdim, R. and Gianquinto, G., 2013. Urban Agriculture in the developing world: a review.Agronomy for sustainable development,33(4), pp.695-720. Wamukoya, C.M. and Ngweno, A., 2017. I-Entrepreneurship: Changing Lives Through Technology. InDigital Kenya(pp. 163-186). Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Jean Watson free essay sample

As a nurse it is imperative to integrate the psychosocial of a critically ill patient and their family into care. One not only cares for the patient’s physical health, they care for all the components that makes up the patients entity. Sick patients face many obstacles. During the different phases of illness the nurse must alter care to accommodate the patients and family’s needs. Ones acceptance to the various stages can be facilitated and expressed through the Jean Watsons Philosophy, and Transpersonal Caring Theory. Jean Watsons Theory of Caring has become essential in nursing. Caring is at the core of nursing and is vital in providing positive patient outcomes. Watson’s theory is based upon human caring relationships and experiences in human life. She acknowledges a caring relationship and caring environment preserve human dignity, wholeness, and integrity and to restore the person’s harmony it is the nurse’s responsibility to assist an individual to establish meaning in illness and suffering (Cara, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Watson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nurses have a responsibility to evaluate the patient’s physical, mental, and emotional well- being. Jean Watsons Theory was derived in 1979 and revised in 1985 and 1988. The majority of her revisions were made to her carative factors, in which she believes is the concept for the core of nursing (Cara, 2008). According to Suliman, Welman, Omer and Thomas, (2009), Watsons theory suggest that â€Å"Caring is a different way of being human, present, attentive, conscious, and intentional. Nursing is centered on helping the patient achieve a higher degree of harmony within mind, body, and soul, and this harmony is achieved through caring transactions involving a transpersonal caring relationship (Cara, 2008). Human caring entails the humanitarian science of offering professional services to a needy human. This is based on the consideration that professional nursing services entail experience, knowledge, morals and empathy. Chesney and Anderson (2008) showed that Wilson’s Caring theory is derived from a moral and ethical foundation. The caregiver combines science, humanities, spirituality in enhancing the mind-body-spirit of healing. Watson’s theory is based on the notion that nurses should not rely on the practical aspects of nursing alone. One must encompass the physiological component of healing into ones practice. Instead, a willing nurse should interact with the patient on a personal level while executing ones nursing duties. (Watson, 2011). As a nurse on medical surgical unit I encounter on a consistent basis patients with varied illnesses. Many of the patients have complex needs. On this day, an 89 year old male presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of fever for one day. The patient is alert but nonverbal. He is able to follow simple commands. The daughter and grandson serve as the patient’s historian. The family gives an accurate account of the patient’s extensive medical history, which include: Parkinson’s, congestive heart failure, colon cancer, diabetes type I, aortic stenosis, dysphagia and frequent urinary tract infections. The daughter quickly verbalizes her frustration to the staff over the many questions. She demands the staff look into the computer for her father’s history. He has been admitted to the same hospital seven times over the last six months. The family appears exhausted. They are snappy and demeaning towards the staff. At one point the daughter refuses a physical assessment for her father. She states â€Å"He’s tired. That’s enough† As the primary nurse I offer the daughter a chair and a cup of coffee. She graciously accepts the beverage and takes a seat. She looks up and states â€Å"I’m so tired. I can’t do this anymore. He is here every week. What am I doing wrong? â€Å" I sit down beside her and reassure her that she has done nothing wrong. She looks up and says nothing. I continue to explain that her father is very sick and needs more attention than before. She agrees but still appears overwhelmed. We continue to speak for over thirty minutes. She confesses to leaving her job to take care of her increasingly ill father. She has now been caring for him for the last eight months, without help. She only qualifies for an aide for six hours a day, which would not allow her to work full time. She is now financially drained. Upon arrival the next morning I discuss the scenario with the social worker and case manager. Later that evening a family meeting is arranged. Although slightly reluctant the daughter agrees to allow her father to be placed in a rehabilitation center. She knows she can no longer care for him at home anymore. She is willing to do what is best for him. The staff reassures her that she is not giving up, but rather doing what is right for her father and herself. In the above scenario I applied the Jean Watson theory in providing care to the critically ill patient and the family. My treatment went beyond the technical aspect of nursing care. It ventured into the psychosocial, emotional, as well as spiritual role of the nurse. The patient’s daughter needed emotional support and guidance. She was overwhelmed, therefore was not able to function to her full capacity, hindering her father’s care. In order to provide a safe and healthy environment for the patient upon discharge the care-giver responsibilities needed to be re-evaluated. The care provided during the patient’s length of stay was not limited to the patient, but to all involved in the patients care. Watson’s theory helps incorporate ones underlying strengths to assist in practice. It allows the healing environment to encompass the patient, family and all other components that are involved in returning the patient to an optimum level of health.

JD Salinger biography essays

JD Salinger biography essays Born Jerome David Salinger on January 1, 1919 in New York City, New York, only son to Sol and Marie Salinger. Very little is known about Mr. Salingers personal life, as he is a firm recluse currently living alone in a cottage in Cornish, New Hampshire, and is insistent on keeping information about himself private. What little is known about him, however, is rather interesting. As a child, Mr. Salinger lived in Manhattans Upper West Side in New York. He attended a few private prep schools, each of which he dropped out of for his failing grades. As a teenager, he attended Valley Forge Military Academy in Pennsylvania. Rumor has it that the idea to attend the academy was his. For college Mr. Salinger attended, briefly, New York University, which he left for refusing to apply himself. He also attended Ursinus College and Columbia University, where he wrote and had published his first work, The Young Folks. For eight years following that publication, Salinger suffered through rejection after rejection by the magazine the New Yorker, until the submission of, A Perfect Day for Bananafish in 1948, which flew through the reviews and checkpoints of the magazine staff. The only exception to this was the publication of, Slight Rebellion Off Madison, which ground through the New Yorkers works before being approved two years prior. For the next two years after Bananafish, Mr. Salinger published numerous short stories in the New Yorker as well as a couple of other magazines. The single most important work of Mr. Salingers career was the publication of The Catcher in the Rye in 1951. The success of the novel was so overwhelming it may have been what caused him to isolate himself from the public eye, but he always was a bit of a loner, and seemed headed towards seclusion anyway. Because of the mystic surrounding him, many reporters and fans of Mr. Salinger have wri...

Discusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Discusion - Essay Example Narrowing of attention is a self defense mechanism because it is inspired by fear. For example, when someone has been involved is a fire outbreak disaster, they live with a notion that fire is likely to happen any time. If they were rescued by jumping through the window, the person may always want to stay near open windows, (Bouyssou & Dubois, 2010). The house may be having fire extinguishers, fire exits and emergency doors. However, the person is likely to ignore all those options and think that the only way to escape a fire is through jumping through a window. A narrow attention is extremely limiting, and it eliminates the ability to think outside the box. The people involved tend to cling to the one method that might have worked for them. This refers to inability to make a quality decision due to availability of too much information. It is also referred to as infobesity. It occurs due to fast accumulation of information and ease of replication and transmission of information, (Bouyssou & Dubois, 2010). According to Bouyssou & Dubois (2010), another principal cause is the presence of large amounts of historical information. This makes hard to pick on the most appropriate decision. In case of a fire outbreak, and an experienced fire fighter is involved. He has more than five options to choose. They know how to use fire extinguishers, how to use the fire exits. As a fire fighter, he is trained to rescue people/novices. When he is caught up in a fire outbreak, all these ideas cross his mind. This slows the making of the final decisions and could affect the swiftness of his final response. Arguably Bouyssou & Dubois (2010), states that the ability to pick on the best option is put to the test. However, that is not enough. It is not enough make smart decisions; good decisions must be made in the right time. This is where information overload becomes detrimental, (Bouyssou & Dubois, 2010). By the time the fire fighter makes the final decision, the fire

How does paid employment affect your identity Your answer should Essay - 3

How does paid employment affect your identity Your answer should include discussion of theory and concepts covered in Term 1 of BEM2004 - Essay Example ancial transactions that is earned but also the conditions under which it is earned taking the factors from the employer’s point of view, the security of the work environment and the prospect for progress and expansion among others (Edwards, n.d.). In the paper, the conception of paid employment which affects particularly the identity of the employees has been elaborately discussed. In this connection, various aspects like the importance of study in the organisations, understanding organisational behaviour, reason behind the purpose of work of the employees with their entrepreneurial identities and a brief idea regarding the existing organisational culture will also be taken into concern. Apart from these aspects, certain other dimensions such as the significance of power and politics within the management, the concept of bureaucracy and globalisation process, organisational ethics, developmental factors of management and organisational behaviours, effective leadership along with organisational knowledge and learning will also be taken into account in the discussion of the paper. Basically, the purpose of learning organisational behaviour is motivated by curiosity. The study helps an individual in order to get inside the organising processes to reveal the different organisational patterns that eventually make an organisation understandable. The study of organisational behaviour helps to analyse the complicated situations prevailing within the organisations and also to create useful means in order to handle those difficult situations (Robbins & Judge, 2009). In order to recognise the different perception of organisational behaviour, initially it is necessary to understand the concept of organisational behaviour. ‘Organisational behaviour’ is the study of an individual’s activity in the organisational environment along with their interactions within the organisation (Delta Publishing Company, 2006). In this connection, there are different views available

Synthesis And Characterization Of Cobalt Carboxylates Environmental Sciences Essay

Synthesis And Characterization Of Cobalt Carboxylates Environmental Sciences Essay Plastics are commonly added with certain additives for developing its better characteristics. Recent decades, some kinds of additives which are known as prodegradant additives are being developed for plastics film. Prodegradant additives can result in accelerating plastics degradation. It is important to develop prodegradant additives since plastic waste is viewed as a serious worldwide environmental and health concern as its character of being non-degradable. Many pro-degradant additives, composed of transmetal-organic acid salts, have been investigated in many researches as photodegradable additives for plastics. Cobalt carboxylates, namely cobalt laurate, cobalt palmitate, cobalt stearate, are kinds of which have been applied for LDPE films. In the previous method, cobalt carboxylates were synthesized by reacting sodium carboxylates and cobalt acetate. This paper reports a new method of cobalt carboxylates synthesis. The new method involve reaction between molten carboxylic acid w ith sodium hydroxide solution to produce sodium carboxylate, and continued by reacting sodium carboxylate with chloride salt of cobalt. First reaction conducted at 80Â °C and under perfect agitation. Second reaction took place well in the low concentration of cobalt chloride, about 0.2 M or less and temperature 80Â °C. Cobalt carboxylates (cobalt laurate, cobalt palmitate, cobalt stearate) densities are 0.615, 0.391, 0.364 g/cm3 respectively. Their melting points are 107.83, 109.10, 114.40 Â °C respectively, obtained by DSC test. Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) test have been done on cobalt carboxylates to investigate their thermal stabilities. All cobalt carboxylates start to degrade over 300Â °C, as shown in TGA test result. TGA studies indicate that cobalt carboxylates have stability at compounding and film blowing/casting temperature of polyethylene, 180-200Â °C. Keywords :Prodegradant additives, cobalt carboxylates, characteristics 1. Introduction Plastics production systematically increases, thus, also plastics waste amount grows. People rely to plastics in everyday activities, such as jugs, clothes, computer, etc [1,2]. Recently, the usage of plastics increases significantly. USs plastics production in 2000 amounted to more 45,000,000 metric tons [2]. Total resin consumption in Malaysia increased by 8% from 1.6 million MT in 2004 to 1.72 million MT in 2005, of which about 65% were polyolefins (PE PP) [3]. The municipal solid waste stream in the U.S. totals nearly 160 metric tons per year and consists of about 7-11% by weight of post-consumer plastics [4]. Plastics is now being viewed as a serious worldwide environmental and health concern, especially for disposable application such as carrier and garbage bags [2]. Its character of being non-degradable, is resulting in river pollution, choking in landfill [4]. The growing environmental concern has made plastics a target of much criticism due to their lack of degradability [5]. Therefore degradable plastics will be important issue to reduce plastics waste amount. Many researches have been done to obtain methods which can improve degradability of plastics. Some methods are used to accelerate the degradation process are the addition of transition metal pro-oxidants or carbon monoxide polymer, both of which are designed to catalyse photodegradation and thermal degradation [6]. The studies on utilizations of some additives have been performed by several researchers to obtain photodegradable plastics. The effect of a series transition metal (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) stearates on the photodegradation of a high-density polyethylene have been examined. The role of metallic compounds on the photodegradation of polyethylene has been extensively studied by several authors [7]. The effect of cobalt stearate on accelerated aging of LDPE has been studied. Cobalt stearate has been proven to have significant effect on accelerated aging of LDPE [8]. The effect of cobalt carboxylates namely cobalt laurate, cobalt palmitate, cobalt stearate, on the photo-oxidative degradation of low density polyethylene also have been investigated [9]. Cobalt carboxylates have been synthesized through double decomposition by reacting sodium carboxylates and cobalt acetate [9,10]. This paper report the study of new synthesis method of cobalt carboxyates through double decomposition method by reacting sodium carboxylates and cobalt chloride. This paper also attempt to investigate characteristics of cobalt carboxylates. 2. Experimental 2.1 Materials Cobalt chloride hexahydrate (Fluka), sodium hydroxide, lauric acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid (Merck) were used without any treatments. Deionized water was used for all processes. 2.2 Synthesis of cobalt carboxylates Cobalt carboxylates, namely cobalt laurate, cobalt palmitate, and cobalt stearate, were synthesized through two steps of reactions. First step, carboxylic acids (lauric acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid) were reacted with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium carboxylates (sodium laurate, sodium palmitate, and sodium stearate). The second step, sodium carboxylates (sodium laurate, sodium palmitate, and sodium stearate) were reacted with cobalt chloride to produce cobalt carboxylates (cobalt laurate, cobalt palmitate, and cobalt stearate) in solid phase . The solids were filtered and washed with hot water to separate sodium chloride. Finally, the solids were dried in the oven at 60 Â °C for 2 hours. 2.3 Characterization of cobalt carboxylates The characterization comprises density, melting point, and degradation temperature. Melting points were investigated using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) Q1000 from TA Instruments, in N2 atmosphere, in temperature range 30-200 Â °C, at heating rate 10 Â °C/min. Evaluation of degradation temperatures were done using Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) Q500 from TA Instruments, in N2 atmosphere, ramp method, heating rate 20 Â °C/min, final temperature 1000 Â °C. 3. Result and Discussion 3.1 Synthesis of cobalt carboxylates Synthesis of cobalt carboxylates comprises two steps of reactions. The first step, producing sodium carboxylates through reaction below. These reactions took place in liquid phase at 80 Â °C. Carboxylic acids were melted and added gradually with sodium hydroxide 0.25 M under agitation for one hour. The amount of carboxylic acids and sodium hydroxide were reacted in stoichiometric ratio. Perfect agitation was needed to reach a complete reaction. The second step, synthesis of cobalt carboxylates, was conducted by adding cobalt chloride hexahydrate solution 0.20 M into the product of first step reaction which contain sodium carboxylates. Cobalt chloride solution was added gradually. The reaction temperature was maintained at 80 Â °C, with continuous stirring. The second reaction could be written as follow: In the second reaction, cobalt carboxylates, which were produced in solid phase, would form suspension and became hard to be stirred. The low concentration of cobalt chloride was favored since reaction would take place well in low concentration. The low concentration of cobalt carboxylates would produce few solids of cobalt carboxylates. It mean that mixing process would run well and complete reaction could be reached. 3.2 Characterization of cobalt carboxylates Density Densities of cobalt carboxylates can be seen in Table 1. All of cobalt carboxylates are in the form of powder and have low density. Melting Point Tests have been done using Differential Scanning Calorimeters (DSC) to determine melting point of cobalt carboxylates. The DSC test results can be seen in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3. The melting point of cobalt laurate, cobalt palmitate, and cobalt stearate was determined from the peak of endothermic melting transition. Melting points of cobalt carboxylates can be summarized as listed in Table 2 below. There are two endothermic peaks in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Two endothermic peaks are sometimes found in DSC test result. First peak indicate unstable melting process. The second peak represent stable melting process [11]. Melting points of cobalt carboxylates increase with increasing carbon chain length of carboxylates. Melting point of cobalt stearate which has 18 C is higher than melting point of cobalt palmitate which has 16 C. Melting point of cobalt palmitate is higher than melting point of cobalt laurate which has 12 C. Thermal stability Thermal stability was investigated using Thermogravimetric Analyzers (TGA). Degradation temperature (initial and final temperature of degradation) was determined from high decrease of weight during heating. It was shown by steep slope of the curve in TGA test result. Cobalt carboxylates lost more than 80% of their weight during degradation process. The final weight remained was around 10 % of initial weight. The degradation temperature increase from cobalt laurate, cobalt palmitate, and cobalt stearate respectively. All of cobalt carboxylates start to degrade at temperature over 300 Â °C. It means, cobalt carboxylates have good thermal stability since the temperature of blending/compounding of polyethylene is 180-200 Â °C. Cobalt carboxylates will not degrade at temperature of compounding and film blowing/casting of polyethylene. 4. Conclusion Synthesis of cobalt carboxylates could be conducted through reaction of sodium carboxylates and cobalt chloride in liquid phase. The melting point of cobalt carboxylates increased with increasing the length of carbon chain. Thermal stability also increased with increasing the length of carbon chain, as indicated by temperature of degradation. Cobalt carboxylates also had thermal stability at temperature of polyethylene processing.

Art Analysis of The Luncheon of the Boating Party vs A Sunday on La Gra

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Luncheon of the Boating Party by Pierre-Auguste Renoir is a piece full of rich colors that reflect both the time period and the artist’s impressionist style. This composition not only conveys a leisurely gathering of people, but also expresses the changing French social structure of the time due to the industrial revolution. To portray these themes Renoir uses, shape, space, color and texture. Shape is seen in the modeled figures and bottles, and space is created by overlapping of the bodies, but it does not give a realistic illusion of depth. Color is most evident in the painting by the deep blue and green contrasted by the vibrant red and greens making it very rich in colour. Texture is also evident in the clothing which was emphasized by the artist’s impressionist brushstroke style. Renoir also used principals of design to make his composition more effective like balance, movement, repetition and unity. A symmetrical balance is evident because most of the subjects in the painting are on the right side. Movement is achieved in this painting by the gesture and expression of the subjects as well as the drapery on the table and the gazebo cover. Repetition can be seen in the curves of the gazebo cover, the stripes and the posts in the railing. All these elements and principals of design unify this piece and make it very pleasing to the eye. Renoir reflects the theme is this painting because the impressionist style was new to the art field, just as the advances fr...

Movie and Personality Theory Analysis Essay

John Q is a movie about a desperate father who finds himself in an impossible situation when his son, Michael, collapses during a baseball game and turns out to be in need of a heart transplant. John Q. Archibald discovers that his health insurance does not cover such an expensive procedure, and unable to raise the 75,000 dollar deposit needed to place his son in the donor list, John resorts to taking the staff and patients of the hospital’s emergency room hostage and held at gunpoint. The hospital administrator then decides to place Michael in the donor list and Michael is soon given a new heart. John, as described by his wife Rebecca, â€Å"is a sweet kind man†. His personality does not pinpoint to violent tendencies, and yet the radical decision to seize part of the hospital and take the people in it as hostage are not indicative of a meek and pleasant individual. It is therefore worth remembering that genes can influence the behavior only in people who live in some kind of environment. Without an environment there would be no behavior at all, regardless of what genes were present. And the reverse is true about the environment: without a person built by genes to affect, no behavior can occur, no matter what the environment. In the determination of personality, genes and the environment interact (Funder). Thus, John with his genetic instinct to love and protect those that he loves combined with the injustice of his circumstances induced him to go against his sweet nature as an attempt to remedy the situation in any way he can. One theme of the movie is self-sacrifice, this is apparent when John decides to give his own heart to his son when he finds no other options available, fortunately he is stopped before he pulls the trigger when a heart arrives for his son. John’s complete devotion and his willingness to do everything for his son can be partly explained by the evolution theory. A theory that endeavors to illuminate how patterns of behavior that characterize all humans originate from the survival value these characteristics provide over the history of the species. Specific to this theory, is the tendency to aid close relatives to ensure the survival of ones own genes into succeeding generations, an outcome called inclusive fitness (Funder, 2002). Evolutionary theory has also been used to explain why self esteem is so important for human beings. Our feelings of self-esteem evolved to monitor the degree to which we are accepted by others, a principle most exemplified by Gus Monroe, the Chicago Chief of Police, as he basks in apparent joy by the adulation of the media and the crowd. The hospital director Rebecca Payne is most notable in the rationalizations that she uses to distance herself from the unfairness of the situation. Rationalization is the usage of contrived explanations to conceal unworthy motives for ones behavior. Ms Payne deftly suggests that John accept his son’s impending death and strive to make Michael’s remaining days a happy time. She stands by the financial rules of the hospital and claims that her hands are tied by the fact that the family is unable to come up with the amount of money needed for their son’s surgery. But when Denise Archibald expresses her dislike for Rebecca, the hospital director changes her mind and announces that Michael will be placed at the top of the donor list. When we detect signs of not being adequately valued or respected, our self-esteem goes down, motivating us to do things that will cause others to think better of us so we can think better of ourselves (Funder) A subplot in the movie is the relationship between two hostages, Julie, who needs treatment for a broken arm and her boyfriend Mitch, who has no wounds aside from scratches in his arm. Mitch claims that a car crash had caused it, but due to a number of dubious elements in their narrative, John and another hostage named Lester is able to conclude that the two are lying and that Mitch had in fact beat Julie up. The fact that Julie lied and helped Mitch in covering up the event indicate signs of a battered woman in the stage of denial, where the woman refuses to admit, perhaps even to herself that there is a problem in her relationship, she calls it an accident and may believe that it will never happen again. However, during the course of the movie, when Julie sees Mitch helpless on the ground she seizes the opportunity to douse his eyes with a caustic agent, and as Mitch screams in pain Julie announces that what she did was revenge for the physical hurt he caused her. This is a tacit admission that she will no longer submit to Mitch’s violent ways. On the other hand, Mitch’s personality demonstrates arrogance, an overblown ego and a tendency for stress and hostility as shown by his attempted attack on John. Mitch’s controlling tendency is revealed when Julie screams she will â€Å"no longer be his Barbie doll† and rips of her blonde wig as an indication that he wants specific physical attributes for his girlfriend. The movie also touches on the subject of death and loss when a patient adjacent to Michael’s hospital room dies and her family is shown grieving and inconsolable. Depression that follows a social emptiness such as the death of a loved one is characterized by pain and crying. Weeping is a useful way of seeking social support and fatigue and pessimism can prevent one from wasting energy and resources on fruitless endeavors. (Funder) This is further discussed by claims of psychologists Matthew Keller and Randolph Nesse that in the same way that blocking fever may prolong infection, blocking normal depressive symptoms could increase the risk of negative life situations. When John Archibald is faced with the actual possibility of his son’s death, he engages in the ego-defense mechanism called denial of reality, wherein the individual protects the self from an unpleasant reality by refusing to perceive or face it. In this case however, John’s belief that his son will not die is compounded by his extreme actions and the decision to offer his own life, if need be, for his sons survival. The movie also involves the occurrence of Stockholm syndrome, a phenomenon wherein positive feelings are developed by hostages towards their captors that appear strange in light of the danger or risk endured. This happened when John showed kindness towards the hostages and when they understood the circumstances that forced him to take drastic measures. A psychological perspective towards an existential movie like John Q offers a unique understanding of the film, revealing philosophic and scientific dimensions that enrich a person’s comprehension of the world. This enables one to engage in analytic thinking and to apply classroom theories to real-world situations. Works Cited Funder, David C. The personality puzzle, fourth edition. W. W. Norton & Company, 2007. John Q. Screenplay by James Kearne, Dir. Nick Cassavetas. , Perf. Denzel Washington, Kimberly Elise and Daniel Smith. New Line Cinema, 2002.

The Reality Of Reality Television - 927 Words

Behind the Reality of Reality TV There are many different opinions when the subject of reality television is discussed. Although reality television shows are thought to be negative they really are just mindless entertainment. Many can argue that these shows are misleading and disturbing. On the other side of this, people merely use these shows for entertainment and allow people to forget about stress in their lives. The cause of these different opinions is a result of different age, gender, religion, and race. The main purpose of these shows is simply to allow people to live vicariously through the characters. This excitement of being in other people’s lives is what makes reality television so addicting to people. With many opinions about reality television to understand the truth one has to look at the roots of these shows. Most people try to say that reality television started with MTV and there inappropriate shows but these shows really began with shows like, Candid Camera, which was shown in the 1940’s. This show involved people who were put in funny situations and pranked. This show was only meant to entertain, nothing more nothing less. Although some of today’s reality television shows are more complicated than this earlier show, they provide the same mindless entertainment. To develop the topic of entertainment more you have to look at a few aspects. One of these is drama, which many do not care to deal with from day to day. This same drama however provides aShow MoreRelatedThe Reality Of Reality Television936 Words   |  4 PagesThe reality show phenomenon Have you ever wondered what attracts millions of Americans each week to watch this cultural phenomenon know as reality television? 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